一、常见列举用转折词语
1.for one thing, for another, above all things;
2.to begin/start with, next/besides/moreover, last/finally;
3.in the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all;
4.one of these, another,(there is)still another(reason/factor);
上述词组的意思是：
1.首先；其次；最重要的是……
2. 首先；然后/此外/而且；最后
3. 第一，首先；第二；第三；最好的是/最糟糕的是……
4. 其中一个；另一个；还有一个（原因/因素）
二、常见对比转折词语
1.but, but on the contrary, but on the other hand, but then;
2.by contrast, in contrast, in contrast with/to, as a contrast to, as opposed to;
3.by contraries, on the contrary, to the contrary, contrary to (A), opposite to,in opposition to;
4.whereas, while, while on the other hand, while on the whole, yet, however;
5.(as) compared with/to, by comparison, in comparison with, by comparison to
6.First..…., Next..…., Last.…..;
7.In the first / early / initial / infant period / stage / phase(或In its infancy).….., In thesecond / middle / adult / ripe period / stage / phase.….., In the third / last /closing / later / concluding period..….;
8.One step (way/course/approach/secret/trick)...…,Another step..….,Still anotherstep..….;
9.The first measure/step/move.….., Next to it comes.….., And the last/final/themost important measure..….;
10.The direct experience/lesson/factor/way…...The indirectexperience/lesson/factor/way..….
上述词组的意思是：
1.但是；但相反地；但另一方面；但是接下去
2. 通过对比；经与……对比；作为与……的对比；作为……的对照
3. 相反；与A相反；与……相反；与……相反
4. 然而；然而另一方面；然而整体而言；然而；然而
5. 跟……相比
6. 首先……其次……最后…
7. 在第一个/早期/开始/婴儿时期/阶段；在第二个/中间/成人/成熟时期/阶段；在第三个/最后/结束/后面的阶段
8. 一个措施/方法/做法/秘密/计策是……/另一个措施是……还有一个措施是……
9. 第一个措施是……接着是……最后一个/最重要的措施是……
10. 直接经验/教训/因素/途径是（一个教训是）……间接经验/教训/因素/途径是（另一个教训是）……
三、常见对比转折句型
1.But the obvious (fatal/serious) flaw (defect/drawback) in their argument(attitude/idea/view/action/behavior) is that..…./But the basic (main/great/key/big) problem with their argument (..….) is that..….
e.g..….that they are ignorant of (blind to) a bare fact: Social changes haveattached new meanings and values to the division between good and bad.
2.But if.…..it is (not) easy (difficult/hard) to see (find/discover) that .…..
e.g.But if they adjust their frame of mind a little in the other direction , it isnot hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.
3.Too much emphasis (attention/stress/concern/significance) placed on (givento/focused on/attached to/paid to) the negative (sunny/gloomy/bright) side ofthe issue, however, may..….
e.g..….,however,may mislead us to form a pessimistic estimate of currentsituations. 或..….,however,may stop us fromrendering (passing/forming/having) a fair (correct/clear/infallible/wise) judgmenton it.
4.But in most cases/from the point of view of justice (objectivity)/as a matterof fact/in a very true sense,their (public/general) satisfaction(dissatisfaction/disillusionment/concern) with..….(或theircriticism of.../their argument for/against.../their objection to.…../theirapproval for..….)can not.…../is..…., for..….
e.g.But in an impartial sense, the public dissatisfaction can not hold every water,for our society is still abundant in goodness and beauty.
5.As a result of..…., however, things would/are bound to..….
e.g.As a result of such an utter indifference to vicious behavior, however , thingswould be past saving/mending/all the hope.
上述句型的意思是：
1.但他们辩论/态度/观点/看法/行为中的明显/致命的/严重的缺点/缺陷是……
2.但如果……很（不）容易/难发现……
3.然而，对问题负面/正面/阴暗面给予/集中/附加了太多的强调/注意/关注会……（如误导/混淆/掩盖/歪曲/干扰我们对它的判断）
4.但大多数情况下/从公正（客观）的角度来看/实际上/真正意义上，他们/公众/对……的满意/不满/幻灭/关注
5.然而，作为……的结果，事情会注定……
四、常见情景/参照物设定的词语或结构
1.when, if, the other day in a certain place, suppose/imagine/assume (that...),in (the) course/time of...for instance, in the event of等；
2.in the case of, as for/to, as far as...is/are concerned, The same is trueof..., when compared with, in comparison with, by comparison等；
3.If there is anything that comes close to/is comparable to/with...,...there ishardly, a thing that compares favorable with/can rival...等；
上述句型的意思是：
1.当……的时候；如果;几天前在某地；假设/想象/倘使......
2.关于；关于；关于；关于……也是一样；当与……相比;当与……相比；通过比较
3. 如果说有什么能与……相比，那么几乎没有什么能与……（另一事物）相比/匹敌。
