【小站出品】雅思阅读机经真题解析-Tele working

2016年08月23日17:34 来源：小站教育: 参与（1）阅读（21357）

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Tele-working

Teleworking - working remotely from an office- is said to have many benefits for organisations, the environment and society. It provokes mixed reactions from its acolytes and those that experience it first-hand. Whether you like it or not, it is true to say that work is no longer dependent on geography and this opens up a range of opportunities for working in new ways and environments.

The surveys show "that the productivity increase is not primarily because of longer working hours (as is sometimes suggested). Although prevalent, working more is just one of a number of influencing factors, and not the most important." An unusual comparison of the performance of teleworkers with a closely matched control group of non-teleworkers found that not only was productivity higher, but also that absenteeism and error rates were lower.

Two other areas where SUSTEL has added to the economic impact knowledge base is its effect on absenteeism and space utilisation. In the case of absenteeism, over 60 per cent of those surveyed stated that telework had enabled them to work when they were prevented from reaching a work location (usually through illness or transport problems). Around half the cases also identified substantial reductions in space requirements - to the point where one organisation had completely done away with a central office. Changes in non-commuting travel on weekends: home-bases workers, which includes a substantial population of people who are not telecommuters, spend more time shopping out of the home than traditional workers.

Half-time telecommuting could reduce carbon emissions by over 51 million metric tons a year—the equivalent of taking all of New York's commuters off the road. Additional carbon footprint savings will come from reduced: office energy, roadway repairs, urban heating, office construction, business travel, paper usage (as electronic documents replace paper). Although energy utilization will continue to grow as we expand our industry and improve our standard of living, efficient use of energy will always be of prime importance. By telecommuting to work instead of using more conventional methods, there is a great potential to save energy. The three major areas where energy can be conserved are: Vehicle-related materials and resources; Highway-related materials and resources; and work-related materials and resources.

A tremendous amount of energy is required to produce transportation equipment such as automobiles, buses, trains and jet aircraft. If telecommuting is promoted, there will be less use of this equipment and less energy will be required for production, maintenance and repair of this equipment. Fuel resources and gases needed to operate this equipment will be reduced, as well the building and repair of highways and maintenance requires a large consumption of energy, not only in the operation of the highway construction and repair equipment, but also in the manufacture and transportation of the required materials An increase in the percentage of people telecommuting to work will decrease the need for expanded highways and associated road maintenance. The first two areas related to getting to work.

Socially, the SUSTEL research found that most survey respondents felt that teleworking gave them a better quality of life and work-life balance. Many also reported health benefits. A significant number also stated that they were using local services more and becoming more involved in their local communities. The loss of teamwork and team spirit within teleworking populations was tackled through ideas such as Oracle's ‘FUNctional' offices. Designed to increase communication and interaction when people are at the office, they are bright, and focused around a central cafe to stimulate ideas and face-to-face contact.

The finding that many teleworkers report both longer working hours and better quality of life is paradoxical. More time working is usually associated with increased stress, domestic tension and other factors that reduce quality of life. One possible explanation is that, for many individuals, their increased working hours will be less than the time they have saved in commuting. Hence, they still have more time available for family and other activities. For some, the stress associated with commuting (especially for long distances) may be less than that arising from additional working time. Perhaps most significantly, teleworking can in effect create time through opportunities for multi-tasking or greater control of activities. As one survey respondent noted. "Although the amount of time has not changed it has made the weekends freer, as domestic activities can be fitted in during lunchtimes or early morning."

When you work in an office or a cubicle and something goes wrong with any hardware or software you have the option of calling in the IT man. In fact, all of the equipment that you use at the office is supported by technical staff. That means regular updates and maintenance for various and sundry office tools like land-line phones, computers, internet connections, laptops, cell phones, printers, and other office equipment is all up to you When you work from home, you'll surely encounter technical problems and when you do, where do you get the support and help you need? If your computer hard drive crashed today, would you have the funds to replace it?

Questions 28-35

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I below.

Write the correct letter. A-I in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet.

Teleworking has been said to have many benefits for both society and companies. Survey identified that telecommuters spend more time on 28 than those traditional workers on changes in non-commuting travel on weekends. It also is beneficial to environment as it reduces the 29 in the atmosphere from decreased street repairs, city heating, or even 30 as staff in office could send documents 31 Apart from that, other materials such as Vehicle-related, Highway-related and 32 materials will also be saved. Traditionally, large amount of energy is needed to make 33 e.g. Public transportation and private cars. With the arise of telecommuting, resources and 34 will be saved. And conservation goes to the energy and materials consumed in all 35

A pollution B internet energy C paper usage

D construction and maintenance E materials

F shopping G productivity H fuels and gases

I electronically J IT K equipment L company

M work-related N geography

Questions 36-39

Complete each sentence with correct ending, A-F, below.

Write the correct letter. A-F, in box 36-39 on your answer sheet.

36 More working time is often connected with:

37 Oracle's Functional idea aims to improve:

38 When you work at office equipments such as computers and printers are maintained by:

39 When work from home using hardware and software: