雅思课外读物--牛仔裤时尚史 2

2016年06月23日16:30 来源：互联网

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作为雅思考生，我们读外刊要有一定的目的性，不仅仅是为了扩大我们的阅读面，还要有意识地针对雅思考试，提高自己的水平。本文的话，我们做了一些注释，主要帮助大家习得雅思口语，阅读，写作方面的知识。

Quite a lot of this marketing was hokum, or close to it. There is no evidence that Columbus crossed oceans under billowing denim sails, while the latest research is that the term“denim” may have been invented in England. Perhaps most strikingly, relatively few cowboys wore blue jeans at the height of the Wild West, Ms McClendon says: canvas and leather trousers were also common. Denim was mostly worn by small farmers, field-hands,labourers and miners—some of the oldest pieces in the archives of Levi Strauss & Co. were found in disused mines in California and Nevada (there is a whole world of denim-hunters out there, willing to endure much hardship to find a pair of 1880s Levi's).

这种营销大都是胡扯，或者近似于胡扯。既没有证据证明哥伦布当年是在迎风飘动的牛仔布船帆下横跨大西洋的;同时最新的研究也证实，“牛仔裤”一词可能是在英格兰发明的。麦克伦登女士指出，最惊人的一点可能是，在狂野西部的高峰期，只有很少的牛仔是穿蓝色牛仔裤的：当时，帆布裤和皮裤也是常见的。牛仔裤主要是被农民、田间采摘者、劳工和矿工穿在身上——在李维·施特劳斯公司的藏品中，一些最早的牛仔裤就是在加利福尼亚州和内华达州的废弃矿井中发现的(那里有众多的为了找到一条19世纪80年代的李维斯牛仔裤而不辞千辛万苦的牛仔裤搜寻者。)

【经典句式】

marketing营销

billow翻腾

denim牛仔布;牛仔裤

sail船帆

term术语

strikingly惊人地

at the height of在……高潮

canvas帆布

leather皮革

labourer劳工

miner矿工

disused废弃的

mine矿井

be willing to do sth 愿意……

endure忍耐;坚持

【大作文万用句式】

There is no evidence that… 没有证据证明……

Ms McClendon describes economic and commercial forces at work in the 1930s. Denim sales to working-class customers slumped during the Depression. At the same time ranchers inneed of extra income touted their properties as “dude ranches” at which affluent tourists could play at cowboys, apeing favourite film stars. Even Depression-era protectionism arguably played a role: Sandra Comstock, a sociologist at Reed College in Oregon, has written that tariffs on imported French clothing prodded department stores to promote domestic fashions including jeans.

麦克伦登描述了上世纪30年代发挥作用的经济和商业力量。对工薪阶层消费者的牛仔裤销量曾在大萧条期间一度暴跌。与此同时，需要额外收入的农场主将其财产吹嘘成富裕的游客能够效仿影星与牛仔同乐的的“度假牧场”。甚至大萧条时代的保护主义也扮演了一个角色：俄勒冈州里德学院的社会学家Sandra Comstock写道，对进口的法国服装征收的关税曾迫使百货商店去推销包括牛仔裤在内的各种国产服装。

【经典句式】

economic and commercial forces经济和商业力量

atwork发挥作用

denim牛仔布;牛仔裤

working-class customer工薪阶层消费者

the Depression大萧条

rancher农场主

in need of需要

property财产

affluent富裕的

ape效仿;猩猩

era时代

protectionism保护主义

arguably可辩论地【闻夕注】阅读TFNG题高频考点，意思是说这个观点有争议。

play a role发挥作用

sociologist社会学家

tariffs on … 对……征收的关税

prod刺;刺激

department store百货商店

promote推销

domestic本国的;本地的

【小作文数据表达】

sales销量

slump暴跌

Myth-making about jeans suggests a political conclusion, too: that for a supposedly classless country America takes a complicated view of work. Study denim's history and it is hard to avoid concluding that heroic individuals roaming the land, such as cowboys, are easier to sell as fashion icons than folk who toil by the hour in a factory, garage or field, taking orders from a boss.

牛仔裤的造神运动还带出一个政治性的结论：对于一个应当没有阶层之分的国家来说，美国人对工作的看法是复杂的。研究一下牛仔裤的历史，难以避免得出这样一种结论：像牛仔这样的在这块土地上驰聘的英雄个人要比受命于老板而在工厂、车库或者田间辛苦劳动的人，更容易作为时尚偶像推销出去。

【经典句式】

myth-making造神运动

suggest暗示

supposedly应该地

roam漫步于

fashion icon时尚偶像

toil艰苦工作

take orders from受命于……

【大作文万用句式】

take a complicated view of对……的看法是复杂的

【犀利观点】名人vs.劳动者;英雄：

Study denim's history and it is hard to avoid concluding that heroic individuals roaming the land, such as cowboys, are easier to sell as fashion icons than folk who toil by the hour in a factory, garage or field, taking orders from a boss.

The first gallery at the FIT exhibition shows how the earliest denim clothes were often uniforms:it includes a prison uniform, sailor's overalls and, most tellingly, the sort of blue work-shirt made of chambray (a cousin of denim) that inspired the term “blue-collar worker” back in the 1920s. Yet, other than to a few urban hipsters in recent decades, chambray shirts have mostly lacked the “cross-over cool” of denim jeans, says Fred Dennis, senior curator at the FIT—they did not fit into a “romanticised,cool-dude weekend look”.Small wonder that blue-collar workers feel forgotten.

FIT展览的第一展厅所展示正是早期的牛仔服装经常是制服这个事实：包括了囚服、水手装等。其中最显著的就是那种会让人们回想起上世纪20年代的“蓝领工人”一词的由(牛仔布的近亲)格子花纹布制成的蓝色工装。但是，FIT的高级讲解员弗雷德·丹尼斯说，近几十年来，除了对一部分都市潮人外，格子花纹衬衣已经没有了牛仔裤的“跨界之酷”，它们不适合进入“浪漫帅气的周末装”。蓝领工人觉得自己已被忘记就不足为奇了。

【经典句式】

gallery展厅;画廊

exhibition展览

uniform制服

overall连体服

tellingly显著地;有说服力地

blue-collar worker蓝领工人

other than除了……之外

urban城市的

hipster嬉皮士

fit into符合

look着装

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