流程图
小站教育认为，想要写好一篇流程图作文，有这样6点参考要领：
1. 找到流程图的过程，起点，终点。
2. 找到图上标出的已知动作，如果出现生词，尽量猜测。无词，用自己的语言。
3. 按照步骤，分段描述，千万不能省略任何一步。
4. 加入流畅合理的表示顺序的关联词。
5. 句型以主动为主，搭配被动，以及主语从句（例如：It can be seen from the graph that…）
6. 时态要使用一般现在时。
将上面的要领“详细化”后，可以举以下例子，如：
The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.（所有的小作文第一句话都要用一般现在时。流程图必备三个词：process整个过程；stage阶段；step步骤）
Chocolate comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in parts of South America, Africa and Indonesia.（小站点评：开头不能一上来就直接介绍cacao tree，而是通过主题词chocolate引出，否则显得太唐突）The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.when the pods are ripe, they are harvested, the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.（三个句子的并列：“句子A，句子B and 句子C”）During the fermenting process, the beans turn brown.
Next, the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry. They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry. After this, the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.
After being roasted, the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed. This part is not needed for making chocolate. Finally, the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.
下面是剑桥6的test 3 考到的流程图，考官给的范文。
The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm.First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds onmulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silkthread around itself. (silk thread). After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again. 。The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the thread can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage. Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silk worm can be used toproduce silk cloth through a very simple process.
地图
地图题写作在很多书上都没有系统的指导，它有别于数据图，构思方面没有数据图那么复杂，但在语言驾驭，很多学生都感到很陌生。
小站分析：地图题分两种，一种为地理变迁题，一种为选址题。首先我们来看地理变迁题，它描述的是一个地方（多为一个城镇）在一段时间的发展变化。如2006年9月A 类 TASK 1， 剑1TEST 4。就这些图形，小站来总结地理变迁题的写作要点。
地图题注意要点：
1. 地图的起始点
2. 方向很重要
3. 认真阅读并尽量记住图中已有的信息
考察点：
1. 方向方位路线顺序的把握
2. 相对位置关系的描述和辨别
3. 表方位的词或者词组主要是介词的用法
4. 图中关键词的定位
î 时态
如果地图题反映的是一个地方在过去的一段时间的变化，文章用一般过去时。如果地图题反映的是一个地方在将来一段时间的变化趋势，文章用一般将来时或表“估计”的词汇。如果地图题反映的是一个地方从过去到现在的变化，可用现完成时。如：现在停车场改成了一个剧院。
The car park has been removed and replaced by a theatre.
城镇A的家庭数量从1937年到2020年将翻一番。
The number of homes in Town A is likely to double
(is likely to= is predicted to /is estimated to/is projected to/is expected to )
又可为：
It is likely that the number of homes in Town A will double.(it is likely that = it is predicted/estimated/projected/ expected that…..)
1.读题：读图标的含义，哪个是铁路，哪个是村庄等等都读明白了。要看清哪个是公路，哪个是铁路。有没有交叉点等等。
2.确定写的顺序，是按变化写还是按位置写，还是两个的综合体。
3.如果是要求描述变化，把明显的变化先划出，最好用词在图旁边描述，确定自己要写几点。
4.句型多用被动语态。
5.时态使用一般现在时或者过去时,也可能现在完成时。表示将来的时间可以用下列表达：be predicted/be expected to do…
6.记得用关联的词和句子：
It is obvious/notable/noticeable
It is easy to locate/to find that…
It can be seen from the graph that…
î 细节变化
地图每个细节变化都要提到，不要忽视一个细节
î 语态
地图题用被动语态
如： 2000年在城镇A 新建了一个医院：A new hospital was established in Town A in 2000.
î 地图题的书写顺序：时间顺序和空间顺序
如2006年9月A 类TASK 1
The map shows the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000.
这篇文章大体框架按时间顺序，BODY 分三段分别描述：1780年村庄，1860村庄， 2000年村庄。对每一年的描述，如1780年村庄，要注意按方位顺序来描述，否则文章会出现混乱。这就需要考生在考前对方位词进行总结。地图题的方位我们说东西南北，不说成左右。
î A 在B 的东方/西方/南方/北方
A is/ lies/ is located/ is situated in/on / to the east/west/south/north of B
(in 表A 在B 内部， ON 表A 和B接壤，TO 表A 和B 分开)
î A 在B 内部的某个部位
A is in the eastern/ southern/ western/ northern part of B.
î A在B 西北部的120 千米处
A lies 120 km to the northwest of B.
î A 在B…..角落
A is at/in the south-eastern corner of B (at表示A 在B 外部， in表A在B内部)
î 在河流或道路的南边/北边等
On the south/southern side of the river
On both sides of the road
On the other side
î 临近马路的地区
The area adjacent to/ near /next to/ just off the road
î 在道路或河流的最南端
At the southern end of the river
î A 在B 的对面
A is on the opposite side of B
A is opposite B
î A 在B 东部的边界上（A 在B外部）
A is on the eastern border of B
î A 在B 东部边缘上 （A在B内部）
A is on/ along the eastern edge of B
î “变化”词汇
地图题描述的是一个地区的变化，那么“变化”词汇必须过关。
变化包括两种：图形原有事物的改变，图形新添事物。
我们先看图形原有事物的改变：
î 原有事物可说成：
The original/previous/former garden
î 原有事物尺寸上变大/变小：
The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/halved/reduced by half
î 原有事物在数量上增多或减少：
The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/reduced /decreased/dropped/fallen/
doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled to 500.
î 原有事物没了：
The farms completely disappeared/were removed.
î 原有事物被改为：
A becomes B
A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/ into B
A is replaced /substituted by B = A gives way to B
î 图形新添事物
A newly-built road
A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed and opened in the middle of B
A new IT centre has been added to the library
The year 2000 saw two additions to the land: a pond in the northern part and a vegetable garden on the opposite side.
地图题第二类为选址题 如剑5 TEST 3 TASK 1
The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 为一个城镇的超市选址， 有两个位置 S1 和S2 供选择。选址题并不难写，主要注意两点：
î 位置描述
î 优缺点
这篇文章我们BODY段可分两段，分别陈述：
S1的位置及位置相应的优缺点
S2的位置及位置相应的优缺点
其中表位置的方位词已在前文有总结，
同理， 2006 年2 月A 类Task 1:The diagram below shows the problem of flooding in a UK town and two possible solutions
我们BODY 段可分两段，分别陈述：
Solution 1 的解决方案和相应的优缺点
Solution 2 的解决方案和相应的优缺点
其中，解决方案实际还是要涉及一些方位词。
总之，对于地理变迁题，小站建议考生考前要充分的掌握上述五点，勤加练习，选址题则把握位置和优缺点两个要害，地图题的写作就会明朗化。
地图题在雅思小作文写作中可以说考的频次非常低，顶多一年一次而已。纵观历次雅思地图题写作，不难发现无非就是“两位置方案的二选一或“某处事物新旧变迁的过程描述”。不管“二选一”还是“过程描述”，请注意，一定不要忘了要结合地图中所体现的“人文与地理环境”进行相互的“比较与对比”且体现“比对结果”；而这里的比对，前者是“横向比对”，强调各自“优缺点比对”，后者则是“纵向比对”，强调“新旧变化”。解题思路有了，那么剩下的是语言上的事情了。
