在这里读懂雅思 详细讲解雅思口语分评分标准（上）
- 2015年04月22日16:43 来源：小站教育作者：Victor
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雅思口语评分的四个维度：流利性与连贯性、词汇多样性、语法多样性及准确性、发音
之一 流利性和连贯性(fluency and coherency)
可以分为五个方面
详尽(at length)
逻辑性(logically)
语言标志(signposting)
对观点的表达与辩护(express and defend)
对事物的探讨与揣测(discuss and speculate)
着重说下语言标志。
语言标志是presentation的重要组成部分，所以对应雅思口语的话就是part2了。顾名思义，它是指那些告诉听众你之前说了什么，之后将要说什么的词汇与短语。也就是说signpost language guides the listener through the presentation.
Signposting
| Section of presentation | Signpost language |
| Introducing the topic |
The
subject/topic of my talk is ... I'm going to talk about ... My topic today is… My talk is concerned with ... |
| Overview (outline of presentation) |
I’m
going to divide this talk into four parts. There are a number of points I'd like to make. Basically/ Briefly, I have three things to say. I'd like to begin/start by ... Let's begin/start by ... First of all, I'll... … and then I’ll go on to … Then/ Next ... Finally/ Lastly ... |
| Finishing a section |
That's
all I have to say about... We've looked at... So much for... |
| Starting a new section |
Moving
on now to … Turning to... Let’s turn now to … The next issue/topic/area I’d like to focus on … I’d like to expand/elaborate on … Now we'll move on to... I'd like now to discuss... Let's look now at... |
| Analysing a point and giving recommendations |
Where
does that lead us? Let's consider this in more detail... What does this mean for...? Translated into real terms... Why is this important? The significance of this is... |
| Giving examples |
For
example,... A good example of this is... As an illustration,... To give you an example,... To illustrate this point... |
| Summarising and concluding |
To
sum up ... To summarise... Right, let's sum up, shall we? Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at... If I can just sum up the main points... Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered... To conclude... In conclusion ... In short ... So, to remind you of what I’ve covered in this talk, … Unfortunately, I seem to have run out of time, so I’ll conclude very briefly by saying that ….. I'd like now to recap... |
| Paraphrasing and clarifying |
Simply
put... In other words....... So what I’m saying is.... To put it more simply.... To put it another way.... |
| Invitation to discuss / ask questions |
I’m
happy to answer any queries/ questions. Does anyone have any questions or comments? Please feel free to ask questions. If you would like me to elaborate on any point, please ask. Would you like to ask any questions? Any questions? |
雅思官方建议：
1. 为自己的观点加入细节(flesh out)
例如：
Do you enjoy the advertisements on television?
典型的5分答案：
No, I don't. I think they are very boring.
典型的6分答案：
I don't like them. Advertisements on television just waste my time. They suddenly stop interesting TV shows and the things they try to sell are useless.
典型的7分答案：
I would say I enjoy some of them because they are creative and witty. But it's true most ads just spoil the fun of watching TV, and the information they bring us tends to be misleading.
Do you think it would be a good idea for schools to ask students their opinions about lessons?
典型的5分答案：
I think it's a good idea. That can make lessons more interesting. So the students will like their school much more.
典型的6分答案：
It sounds like a good idea. We can give the teachers our opinions and help them improve their lessons. This method will make us feel we are part of our school, too.
典型的7分答案：
It may be a good idea if it's well-managed. Students can get their voices
heard when they evaluate the lessons. Then the school will know how to keep up
with the students' demand. But on the other hand, some opinions will be extreme,
which may hurt teachers' feelings.
下面再用一个每场考试Part1都会有人被问到的常考问题实例来说明一下5-6-7的飞跃：
What's your favorite subject at school?
典型的5分答案：
It's English because English is very useful and interesting.
典型的6分答案：
It's math because math makes us smart and math is very useful for learning some other subjects such as chemistry.
典型的7分答案：
Hum, I guess it's PE, which stands for physical education. Sometimes we call it the gym class. PE not just keeps us physically fit, it gets us more focused on academic subjects as well.
结论：
5分是挣扎着说出来的，和考官的交流基本没有。
6分是思考着说出来的，和考官的交流开始有效，但是并不充分而且不很流利。
7分是快速思考之后较为连贯地说出来的，但中间会有呼吸和短暂思考需要的自然停顿。和考官的交流比较充分并且已经有一定的层次关系，允许出现不影响交流的语法、用词或发音错误。
2. 进行口头练习-录音-自我纠错流程(Play it back)
比如选择新概念英语2和其它类似笑话类材料，大声朗读一遍，然后开始进行人称转换练习。
比如原文是：
Last week I went to the theater. I had a very good seat. The play was good. I did not enjoy it. There were a young man and a young woman sitting behind. They were talking loudly...
进行人称转换口头练习，自己进行口头作文，至少选择两个以上人称练习。
比如以young man的视角：
Last week my girlfriend and I went to the theater. We enjoyed the play pretty much...
比如以young girl的视角：
Last week my boyfriend and I went to the theater. We enjoyed the play pretty much...
比如以主人公的邻居的视角，等等。
每个故事都可以找到很多个视角，来复述这个故事。
复述的同时进行录音。
之后进行纠正和反刍，听自己录音，纠正发音，语法，时态，第三人称单数等错误，然后重新复述，重新录音，直到自己满意为止。
之后进行整理和归纳，从原文中抽出你觉得比较实用的表达法，放入笔记本，留待复习用。
小站建议：视频当中末尾提及的语言是雅思口语评价的唯一标准，你的外貌，肢体语言，观点的高下均不在考察范围之类，这个宗旨是很有理想主义情怀的，但现实中，一些所谓的魔鬼考官，五分老太还是有所耳闻的，所以，广大考生需注意，这几条可以看做是评判的潜标准。
之二 词汇多样性
a 精确(pinpoint)
就像在描述一个智商偏低的人时我们会根据需要用上傻、呆、笨、萌、蠢、弱、痴一样，英语在描述动物的叫声时也会有细分。语言，归根结底，是为了更精确的描述这个世界，所以越为细致地状物描情，自然是越发能打动考官。能用feel upset/distressed/frustrated/like a mess等等中的任何一个，就不要用一个通吃一切负面情绪的feel bad。
想想动物的叫声，你能写出几个?(答案在文末)
lion dog rooster kitty donkey wolf bull chick(母鸡) sheep bird dove pig snake bee horse duck mouse
b 内涵(connotation)
内涵词汇在不需要任何背景情况下就具备的情感因素。如plump, fat, obese三者分别从褒义过渡到贬义，slim, lean, skinny 同样如此。
c 搭配(collocation)
词与词之间的一种约定俗成的链接关系。同样说去一个地方，我们会自然地认定：逛公园，轧马路，下馆子，赶火车，上厕所。同样描述一个猛烈的事物，我们必须学会适应：strong wind, heavy rain, scorching sun, choppy wave, loud voice, tight sleep, deep shock. 如何适应?唯有多接触，习惯成自然。
雅思官方建议：1.拓宽自己的阅读面，可从网络上的一些门户类或报刊类网站如BBC，Guardian, FT，Yahoo等等，学习大量的新鲜词汇，并注意按照意义或使用的场景进行汇总记忆，千万不要被杂乱无章的词汇书。2.使用单词卡片是一个不错的记忆与复习方式，但要注意需要配上语境。 3.在遇到因词汇或表达卡壳时，不要放弃，要学会用简单的语言解释你想表达的事物或者想法。4. 口语考试不涉及专业知识的考察，都是日常生活的一个缩影，所以你需要关心的是你的周边生活。
小站建议：词汇的多样性并不等同于多用甚至滥用高级词汇，这点表现在口语中过多地使用书面语和写作中肆意地使用生僻词替换常用词。malignant毫无疑问要高级于bad许多。但越是高级地词汇，它的使用范围往往越是狭窄，这也是它不常见的根本原因。不是所有用bad的地方，统一替换为malignant，你的作文逼格就瞬间拔高了。那种所谓的同义词替换法来提高作文水平的方法是相当的令人匪夷所思的。雅思写作(其实所有的英文写作)最为强调准确，易懂。至于用什么词，都是为此服务，无所谓高低贵贱之分。
声音：Roar bark crow mew bray growl bellow cackle bleat chirp coo grunt hiss hum neigh quack squeak
