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【小站出品】雅思阅读机经真题解析-Man or Machine

2016年09月28日11:16 来源:小站教育作者:小站雅思编辑
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摘要:小站雅思名师讲堂从今天开始和大家分享一系列雅思阅读机经真题,是烤鸭在剑桥雅思之余的良好调剂品。烤鸭们可以先自己试着做一做,做完之后可以对下答案,再看看小站名师的悉心讲解。本篇阅读的标题:Man or Machine。

小站独家,雅思阅读机经真题解析。一切患有雅思阅读刷题强迫症的烤鸭,请看这里。小站精心整理了一批雅思阅读机经真题。如果你的剑桥雅思阅读已是烂熟于心,那么这一系列的雅思阅读机经真题真的很适合你,搭配上绝对原创的讲解,还有全文的中文翻译,这等阅读大餐,还等什么!

【小站出品】雅思阅读机经真题解析-Man or Machine图1


Man or Machine

ADuring July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda calls 'the world's most advanced humanoid robot', AS1MO (the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). Honda's brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and looks like a child in an astronaut's suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO's face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two large eyes' that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously - its actions are 'remote controlled' by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. After the show, a number of people told me that they would like robots to play more of a role in daily life - one even said that the robot would be like 'another person'.

BWhile the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human kinetics (n.动力学) and bipedal (adj. 两足动物的)movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT's former Artificial Intelligence (Al) lab (recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL) have been making robots that can behave like humans and interact with humans. One of MITs robots, Kismet, is an anthropomorphic (adj.拟人的) head and has two eyes (complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read some of the robot's facial expressions, and often change their behavior towards the machine as a result - for example, playing with it when it appears ‘sad’. Kismet is now in MIT’s museum, but the ideas developed here continue to be explored in new robots.

CCog (short for Cognition) is another pioneering project from MIT’s former AI lab. Cog has a head, eyes, two arms, hands and a torso (n.躯干) - and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, and to learn through these types of interactions.

DMIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine - because it is unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT’s CSAIL and media lab, however, are beginning to do this.

EThese are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from everyday tasks. In japan, for example, there is an aim to create robots that can do the tasks similar to an average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes – partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an ageing population.

FSuch robots say much about the way in which we view humanity, and they bring out the best and worst of us. On one hand, these developments express human creativity - our ability to invent, experiment, and to extend our control over the world. On the other hand, the aim to create a robot like a human being is spurred on by dehumanized ideas - by the sense that human companionship can be substituted by machines; that humans lose their humanity when they interact with technology; or that we are little more than surface and ritual behaviors, that can be simulated with metal and electrical circuits.

Questions 1-6

Reading passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once

1 different ways of using robots

2 a robot whose body has the same proportion as that of an adult

3 the fact that human can be copied and replaced by robots

4 a comparison between ASIMO from Honda and other robots

5 the pros and cons of creating robots

6 a robot that has eyebrows

Questions 7-13

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

In 2003, Massachusetts displayed a robot named ASIMO which was invented by Honda, after a period of 7 in the making. The operating information is stored in the computer in its 8 so that scientists can control ASIMO's movement. While Japan is making great progress, MIT is developing robots that are human-like and can 9 humans. What is special about Kismet is that it has different 10 which can be read by human interlocutors. 11 is another robot from MIT, whose body's proportion is the same as an adult. By responding to the surroundings through 12 ,it could develop its 13 .

文章题目:Man or Machine

篇章结构

体裁议论文

题目是人还是机器

结构A. ASMID研制成功并向公众展示的社会影响

B. CSAIL一直致力于研制拟人机器人

C. Cog是有着和人来一样的比例的机器人

D. 在创造类人互动机器人方面, MIT走在前端

E. 类人机器人的发展空间

F. 创造类人机器人的利与弊

试题分析

Question 1-13

题目类型:Information in relevant paragraph

定位词文中对应点题目解析

1Different ways E段第4句E段开头就引出创造机器人的成就, 随后并提出这些成就有一定的发展空间, 直到第四句说明这些类人机器人have a plethora of uses,用途多样. 因此答案为E

2The same proportion

...adultC段第2句C段第2句提到cog has a head...and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. 表明该机器人是按照成年人人体比例创造的, 因此答案为C

3Copied replacedF段第3句F段第三句the aim to create...by the sense human...can be substituted..., that can be simulated 都表示人类可被机器等取代.因此答案为F

4Comparison

ASIMO... Pther robotsD段第2,3句D段第2句指出ASIMO is...but not an intelligent machine,because it is unable to...learn from experience.第3句又表明robots like...however, are beginning to do this. 体现出其他机器人能做到ASIMO所不能做到的自发学习. 因此答案为D

5Pros and consF段第1句F段开头指出这些机器人证明了我们看待人性的方式, bring out the best and worst of us.这半句话体现出创造机器人的利与弊. 因此答案为F

6eyebrowsB段倒数第4句B段倒数第四句提到one of MIT’S robots is...and has two eyes...and eyebrows. 因此答案B

Question7-13 Summary from Reading Passage

summary参考解题思路: 先跳开空格把该段通读一遍, 了解大意, 发现总体是按照文章段落顺序概括的. (如有所遗忘, 再看原文各段段首句, 大概知道各句在文章的相应段落)

解析: 第1句和第2句对应文章A段, 根据after a period of 7___in the making定位该段第3句, 答案为17 years. 然后根据文章倒数第四句its action are...controlled by scientists through...in its backpack.可以判断8答案为backpack. 该题第3, 4句对应文章B段, MIT is inventing robots...with the ability to 8___humans定位该段第2句behave like humans and interact with humans.可以判断9答案为interact with. 根据Kismet ...has various...by human interlocutors定位原文倒数第2句human interlocutors are able to read some of the robots’ facial expressions得出10答案为facial expressions. 第5,6句对应原文C段, robot from MIT,proportion定位该段第1, 2句得出11答案为Cog/cognition. 最后根据该段最后一句getting a robot to develop intelligence via sensors判断12答案为sensors, 13 答案为intelligence.

参考翻译:

是人还是机器

A在2003年7月,曼彻斯特的剑桥博物馆陈列了Honda称之为“世界最先进的人性机器人”:ASIMO (即“创新移动的进步之举)。Honda的智力产物正在北美巡回展示,所过之处,总能令现众开心不已。17年的辛苦制作,ASIMO高4英尺,重115磅,以小孩的形态穿着宇航服。在远距离看不清ASIMO,近距离下ASIMO面带微笑,两个大眼睛包含着摄像头。它不能自己行走,得由科学家通过机器人背包上的电脑远程控制。观察ASIMO在曼彻斯特的表演,很令人惊讶,它具有人性的特征。ASIMO走来走去的时候,上下楼梯的时候,现众总是爆发出喝彩声。展示过后,许多人跟我说,他们喜欢机器人在日常生活中起更大的作用——有人甚至说:机器人就像是人一样。

B日本人大踏步地解决人类动力学和两足动物移动的工程问題。与此同时,近十年来,MIT的前人工智能实验室AI(现在重新命名为电脑科学人工智能实验室CSAIL)—直致力于研制能够类似于人类,同时能与人互动的机器人。Kismet是MIT的拟人机器人,有一个像人一样的头,有两只眼睛(也有眼睑),耳朵,嘴巴,眉毛。它可以做好些面部表情,比如开心,悲伤,惊恐,讨厌。与之对话,我们可以获得机器人的些许面部表情,从而改换面对机器人的态度。比如说:当机器人表现出“悲伤”的时候,就与机器人玩耍.Kismet如今位于MIT的博物馆,但这里发展的理念将继续在新的机器人身上被探索。

CCOG(认知cognition的缩写)是另外一个前MIT智能实验室的先驱项目。有头,两条胳膊,手臂和躯干,其比例最早是由实验室研究员的身体测量而来的。COG被用来检测机器人学的体现和发展,特别是通过传感器去发展智力反应周边环境方面,以及通过互动类型学习方面。

D在创造类人互动机器人方面,MIT无疑走得最远。有些科学家争辩道:ASIMO是一个伟大的工程,但并不算是智力机器。因为它不能自动以有意义的方式与未知情况互动,也不能从经验中学习。COG和Kismet,以及在MIT的CSAIL媒体实验室的新机器人却是可以自发学习的。

E这些都是令人激动的进展。创造一个机器,能走,能做手势,能从环境中学习,这是了不起的成就。看看这种发展空间吧:这些现有成就都还能够很快地加以改进。类人机器人能在社会上具有广泛的用途:把人们从日常琐事中解放出来。举个例子:在日本,人们想创造出精密的机器人,能够与正常人做一样的工作,比如说消防队员,宇航员,工作地点和家中医护助手,以便于部分地抵消老龄化的影响。

F这些机器人证明了我们看待人性的方式,它们也表现出了我们人类中最好的和最差的方面。一方面,这些发展表达了人类创新性,也就是我们有能力去发明,实验,和延长对世界的控制。另一方面,创造类人机器人的目标被去个性化的理念所刺激。人类友情将让路于机器。当人类与技术互动时,人类失去了人性。或者说,我们人类不过是表面和楼式行为而己,能够被钢铁和电路所取代。

参考答案:

Version 17203 主题 仿生小机器人

1E 2C 3F

4D 5F 6B

7 17 years  8backpack  9interact with

10 facial expressions 11Cog/Cognition 12sensors

13 intelligence


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